Rated capacity
The minimum capacity that the battery can discharge under the conditions specified in the design (such as temperature, discharge rate, termination voltage, etc.), in amperes per hour, is represented by symbol C. The capacity is greatly affected by the discharge rate, so the discharge rate is usually marked with Arabic numerals in the lower right corner of the letter C. For example, C20=50, indicating that the capacity at the rate of 20 hours is 50 A · h. The theoretical capacity of the battery can be accurately calculated according to the amount of active substance in the battery reaction formula and the electrochemical equivalent of the active substance calculated according to Faraday's law. The actual capacity of the battery is often lower than the theoretical capacity due to the possible side effects in the battery and the special needs of the design.
Rated voltage
The typical working voltage of battery at room temperature is also called nominal voltage. It is a reference for selecting different types of batteries. The actual working voltage of the battery is equal to the difference between the balance electrode potential of the positive electrode and the negative electrode with different use conditions. It is only related to the type of active substance of the electrode, and has nothing to do with the amount of active substance. Battery voltage is essentially DC voltage, but under some special conditions, the phase transition of metal crystals or some phase forming films caused by electrode reaction will cause small fluctuations in voltage, which is called noise. The amplitude of the fluctuation is small but the frequency range is wide, so it can be distinguished from the self-excited noise in the circuit.